Kinder, John. “Zoo Animals and Modern War: Captive Casualties, Patriotic Citizens, and Good Soldiers.”

Kinder examines how modern zoos organise their symbolic and material resources in order to survive during times of war. He develops his argument by criticizing the three positions of captive animals during war – namely being a captive casualty, a patriotic citizen and/or a good soldier – as well as the political narratives of zoo-rebuilding after a war. His analysis provides a valuable insight into the relationship between zoos, nationalism, and war, and the way in which civic and commercial interests of the zoo have historically aligned with the martial state.

Similar texts:

• Roscher, Mieke. 2018. “Liminality in the Post-War Zoo: Animals in East and West Berlin, 1955 – 61.” In Animal History in the Modern City: Exploring Liminality, edited by Clemens Wischermann, Aline Steinbrecher and Philip Howell. London: Bloomsbury.
• Itoh, Mayumi. 2010. “Zoos in the United States and World War II.” In Japanese Wartime Zoo Policy: The Silent Victims of World War II, 145 – 160. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Kinder, John M. 2013. “Zoo Animals and Modern War: Captive Casualties, Patriotic Citizens, and Good Soldiers.” In Animals and War: Studies of Europe and North America, edited by Ryan Hediger, 45–76. Leiden: Brill.